Free Weights vs. Exercise Machines
Anyone who has ever been in a gym before is familiar with the
gleaming banks of shiny exercise machines. Coming in all shapes
and sizes, they are usually cause for the newcomer to the gym to
pause and ask, “What IS all of that stuff?”
Well, according to the price that the gym paid for any one piece
of that equipment, I certainly hope that it not only stimulates
your muscles, but also cooks your breakfast, washes your car,
and brings the kids home from soccer practice! Now the question
becomes whether or not those machines were worth the price, or
if you’d be better off doing a home aerobics video with a can of
soup in each hand….
Personally, I would advise you to get the low-sodium version of
the soup, serve it up alongside a tomato sandwich, and then go
buy yourself some free weights. Yes, that is just my opinion,
but it does come with some scientific reasoning behind it.
Natural movement vs. Controlled movement
One of the things that you need to remember is that when you are
exercising, you are training for LIFE. You may spend an hour a
day at the gym, but that still leaves 23 other hours for your
muscles to function without the aid of that fancy equipment.
Whenever you do any given exercise, the movement of your body
during that exercise is called the Range of Motion. The greater
and more difficult the Range of Motion, the more effective the
exercise is, because your body has to work harder to perform
that movement.
Let’s take a classic dumbbell bicep curl for our case study. If
you aren’t familiar with the movement, it is basically performed
by standing up straight with your palms facing forward, and a
pair of dumbbells held down at your sides. You concentrically
contract your biceps (also known as flexing your elbow) to bring
the dumbbells up to approximately shoulder level, and then
repeat the movement for a prescribed number of repetitions.
Let’s take that same muscle movement and do it using a bicep
curl machine. You sit down, brace your upper arms on a pad,
grasp 2 handles that are in front of you, and do that same fancy
elbow flexing movement to move the handles in an upward motion.
Pretty easy stuff so far, right?
Now let’s examine the muscles that are used in this motion. Wait
- I thought we were concentrically contracting the biceps? That
is correct, and if you are using the bicep curl machine, that is
pretty much ALL you are doing. For one, you are sitting down.
You know, like you did all day at work, and then in your car on
the way to the gym. Then, your upper arms are braced on a nice
soft pad to keep your upper body stable while you pull the
handles upwards. The machine has effectively limited the muscles
used in this exercise to the biceps, as well as the muscles in
your forearms and fingers as you grip the handles.
Let us now sidestep over to the weight room where the dumbbells
are kept, and once again get in the start position for a
standing bicep curl with the dumbbells. Notice the term
“standing”. You know, like you DIDN’T do all day at work, and
hopefully also did not do in your car on the way to the gym. So
before we even start the exercise, we are using more muscles
than we did on the machine - namely the leg muscles.
Now let’s pick up a 10 lb dumbbell in each hand. We’ve just
added 20 lbs to our body weight. What is keeping us from losing
our center of balance and falling clean over? The abdominal
muscles and the muscles of the lower back and spine. Now we are
using our legs, our abs, and our back. Flex those elbows and
start to raise the dumbbells. Now our center of gravity has
become a fluid state, and our legs, back, and abs all have to
constantly compensate to maintain posture. Oh, and the biceps
are also in on the action by this point, as are the forearms,
the fingers, and the shoulder girdle.
We now have the dumbbells all the way up and it’s time to start
lowering them again, via an eccentric contraction of the biceps
(also know as extending the elbow). What muscle group controls
the extension of the elbow? The triceps on the back of the arm.
Did you lose track yet? It’s okay if you did because you have
illustrated the point:
Machine Bicep Curl: Uses the biceps, forearms, and fingers Cost:
Thousands of dollars
Standing Dumbbell Bicep Curl: Uses the biceps, forearms,
fingers, legs, abs, back, triceps, and shoulders. Cost: $40 for
a good set of dumbbells that can be used for dozens of other
exercises
In a nutshell, free weight exercises simply USE MORE MUSCLES
than machines do, which make them more effective. Does that mean
that the machines are a complete waste? Absolutely not! In some
circumstances it is BETTER to stabilize the muscles being used
in any given movement. However, those circumstances are the
exception, rather than the rule.
So what do you do? Change up your routine, and incorporate free
weights as well as machine exercises. However, keep the machine
work to a minimum - say 20% of your total time spent working
with weights. Spend the other 80% developing your stabilizer
muscles, your sense of balance and coordination, and if nothing
else - just standing up!
After all, you can go home and sit down on the couch to enjoy
your post-workout snack. The bicep machine already brought the
kids home from soccer practice, remember?
